ويركزمعهد بحوثالعامة لليمينغ الصناعة الثقيلةفي مجال البحوث وتطوير التكنولوجيا المتقدمة والمنتجات الموجهة لصالح العملاء، فضلا عن بناءالقدرة التنافسية الجوهريةليجعل يمينغالصناعة الثقيلةرائدةفي هذه الصناعة.من خلال توفيرنتائج البحوثالأساسية، ويدعم المعهديمينغالصناعة الثقيلةالتكنولوجيا والمنتجات لتكون أعلىمنهافي العالمالقائمة.
معهد بحوثالعامة لليمينغ الصناعة الثقيلةهيقسم البحث والتطويرالأوليةللبحوثالتقنيةوالإدارة التقنية. وهي مسؤولة عنتطوير التكنولوجياالمطبقة علىيمينغجميع المنتجات، وإجراء البحوث الفنيةمقدمةعلى المنتجات الجديدةووضعالمعايير؛البحثالاهتزاز، والأثر، والضوضاء، والتكنولوجيا الهيدروليكية، والمطابقة الطاقةوتوفير الطاقة، والمواد الجديدة، وأنظمة التحكم، وخلق تكنولوجياتمبتكرة ومنتجاتحمليوبناءمنصة علىشبكة خاصةوعامةللتجاربوالاختباراتوذلك لتبادل التجربةالعامة ونتائج الاختبار.
86 行Specific gravities for minerals and other materials Sponsored Links Sponsored Classifying minerals ranges from simple to difficult A mineral can be identified by several physical properties, some of them being sufficient for full identification without equivocation In other cases, minerals can only be classified by more complex optical, chemical or Xray diffraction analysis; these methods, however, can be costly and timeconsuming Physical properties apMineral
Specific gravity is the “heaviness” of a mineral It is defined as a number that expresses the ratio between the weight of a mineral and the weight of an equal volume of water Minerals can usually be identified by their specific gravity (SG) Because samples of the same mineral may appear quite different, as these samples of cinnabar show, a quantitative, objective measurement like SG may Conversion Factors and the Specific Gravity of Minerals
Most minerals are heavier than water, and the average specific gravity for all minerals is approximately 27 (a density of 27 g/cm 3 ) Some minerals are quite heavy, such as Another property geologists may use to identify minerals is a property related to density called specific gravity Specific gravity measures the weight of a mineral specimen 46: Identifying Minerals Geosciences LibreTexts
The specific gravity (SG) is calculated from weight in air divided by loss of weight in water, expressed in units of grams per cubic centimetre The specific gravity of most minerals ranges from 15 up to 195Specific gravity is the ratio of a mineral’s weight to the weight of an equal volume of water A mineral with a specific gravity of 2 would weigh twice as much as water Most 710: Special Physical Properties Geosciences LibreTexts
Platinum is most easily identified by its malleability, silverygray color and streak, and very high specific gravity Although a cubic mineral, euhedral crystals (generally distorted cubes) are rare; it most commonly occurs as nuggets, often with rounded corners, like the nuggets seen in top row of Figure 14236 Physical PropertiesSpecific gravity is easy to measure in the laboratory but is less useful for mineral identification in the field than other more easily observed properties, except in a few rare cases such as the very dense galena or native gold The high density of these minerals gives rise to a qualitative property called “heft”46: Identifying Minerals Geosciences LibreTexts
It is soft (H = 25) and has relatively high specific gravity (555) Tarnished appearance and occurrence with other silver minerals aid identification It is generally very finegrained, however, sometimes making identification difficult Physical PropertiesThe specific gravity (SG) of gemstones is a constant widely used in gemological property charts Although not every gemologist enjoys doing an SG test, Specific Gravity of Some Common Gem Minerals Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Specific Gravity of Common Gems Gem Mineral Specific Gravity; Agate: 260 265: Alexandrite: 370 373: Allanite:91: Specific Gravity Geosciences LibreTexts
Physical Properties of Minerals There are approximately 4000 different minerals, and each of those minerals has a unique set of physical properties These include: color, streak, hardness, luster, diaphaneity, specific gravity, cleavage, fracture, magnetism, solubility, and many more These physical properties are useful for identifying mineralsMetallic minerals are far more dense; for example, galena, as we've talked about in our discussion, has a specific gravity of 75, and platinum has a specific gravity around 22 To unlock thisMineral Density & Specific Gravity: Definition and Properties
Specific Gravity 39 to 41 (very high for a nonmetallic mineral) Diagnostic Properties Hardness, high specific gravity, hexagonal crystals sometimes tapering to a pyramid, parting, luster, conchoidal fracture Crystal System Hexagonal Tenacity BrittleSpecific Gravity: The specific gravity of andalusite ranges from approximately 315 to 320, which is relatively moderate It serves as an educational tool for teaching mineral properties and crystallography Aesthetic and Metaphysical Uses: Andalusite, though not as commonly used,Andalusite Properties, Formation, Occurrence and Uses
Properties of Mineral B: • Name: Pyrite • Nickname: FeS2 • Color/Clarity: Yellow, gold, opaque • Luster: metallic • Streak: greenish black • Hardness: 6665 • Cleavage: uneven • Specific Gravity: cubic, octahedral Color and Clarity of mineral B could be used to distinguish it from goldSpecific Gravity: Chalcedony has a specific gravity of 2627, which means it is slightly heavier than water The streak of chalcedony is typically white Overall, chalcedony is a versatile mineral with a range of physical properties that make it useful in a variety of applications, including jewelry, ornamental objects,Chalcedony Properties, Formation, Occurence » Geology Science
1668: Topaz Topaz is an aluminum silicate mineral with varying amounts of fluorine (F) and hydroxyl (OH) which replace each other through isomorphous replacement Extreme outer limits with only fluorine or only Barite, also known as barium sulfate (BaSO4), is a mineral that has a wide range of industrial applications due to its unique properties The barium sulfate barite takes its name from the Greek word barys, Barite : Properties, Formation, Uses and Mining
Minerals will have definite chemical compositions, but these compositions may vary within given limits Substances that have these features will also have distinctive physical properties such as color, crystal form, cleavage, luster, streak, etc You can find out more about minerals by clicking on the buttons on the rightV = m ρ = 78246g 1932g/cm3 = 4050 cm3 (5) (5) V = m ρ = 78246 g 1932 g / c m 3 = 4050 cm 3 This is the volume of water displaced Now we need the mass of water displaced, which is the bouyancy, or the difference in mineral mass in air and water If we multiply both sides of Eq 11 by V, we obtainConversion Factors and the Specific Gravity of Minerals
A mineral is defined in part by a specific chemical composition In theory, therefore, it is always easy to identify a mineral, if you can determine the chemical composition with a mass spectrometer like the Mars roversIn reality, however, even if you are looking at rocks on Earth, determining the exact chemical composition of a substance involves significant Most minerals are heavier than water, and the average specific gravity for all minerals is approximately 27 (a density of 27 g/cm 3 ) Some minerals are quite heavy, such as pyrite with a specific gravity of 4952, native copper, with a specific gravity of 8890, and native gold at 193Physical Properties of Minerals Laboratory Manual for Earth
Properties of minerals Characteristics used in the identification & study of minerals These are the most common characteristics used when describing minerals Specific Gravity (SG) indicates how many times more the mineral weighs compared to an equal amount of water (SG 1)Minerals with a specific gravity under 2 are considered light, between 2 and 45 average, and greater than 45 heavy Most minerals with a metallic luster are heavy The specific gravity may slightly vary within a mineral because of impurities present in Specific Gravity: Mineral Properties The Mineral and
The physical properties of minerals are related to their chemical composition and bonding Some characteristics, such as a mineral’s hardness, are more useful for mineral identification Specific Gravity Density describes how much matter is in a certain amount of space: density = mass/volumeSpecific Gravity: 46 to 54 (varies greatly depending upon rare earth type and concentration) Diagnostic Properties: Specific gravity: Chemical Composition (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO 4: Crystal System: Monoclinic: Uses: An important source of thorium, cerium, and other rare elements Often mined as a byproduct from heavy mineral depositsMonazite: A rareearth phosphate mineral Geology
